After 287 BC, the decrees of the " concilium plebis " had the effect of law over all Roman citizens.
2.
Finally, there was a special voting assembly just for plebeians ( concilium plebis ) which eventually attained legislative power in the 3rd century BC.
3.
The tribunes of the plebs had the power to convene the " concilium plebis ", or plebeian assembly, and propose legislation before it.
4.
Because Tiberius clearly knew the Senate wouldn t approve his reforms, he sidestepped the Senate altogether by going straight to the Concilium Plebis ( the Popular Assembly ) which supported his measures.
5.
The term'plebiscite'has a generally similar meaning in modern usage, and comes from the Latin " plebiscita ", which originally meant a decree of the " Concilium Plebis " ( Plebeian Council ), the popular assembly of the Roman Republic.
6.
Milestones in their ultimately successful struggle are the establishment of a plebeian assembly ( the " concilium plebis " ) with some legislative power and to elect officers called tribunes of the plebs, who had the power to veto Senatorial decrees ( 494 BC ); and the opening of the Consulship to plebeians ( 367 BC ).
7.
From 494 to 287 BC, five such actions during the so-called " Conflict of the Orders " resulted in the establishment of plebeian offices ( the tribunes and plebeian aediles ), the publication of the laws ( the Law of the Twelve Tables ), the establishment of the right of plebeian patrician intermarriage ( by the passage of the Lex Canuleia ), the opening of the highest offices of government and some state priesthoods to the plebeians and passage of legislation ( the Lex Hortensia ) that made resolutions passed by the assembly of plebeians, the " concilium plebis ", binding on all citizens.
8.
In a rare resurgence of democratic action at Rome, Gracchus used the " concilium plebis ", the old popular assembly which had become largely dormant, to bypass senatorial opposition and force passage of his " Lex Sempronia Agraria " ( 133 BC ), which confirmed an earlier law limiting holdings of public land to 500 " iugera " ( modified by allowing the sons of landowners 250 " iugera " ), limited pasturing-rights to 100 cattle or 500 sheep and, most importantly, ensured enforcement by creating a triumviral Land Commission to repossess and redistribute landholdings in excess of the limit.
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